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Levorphanol
- indication:For the management of moderate to severe pain or as a preoperative medication where an opioid analgesic is appropriate
- pharmacologypharmacology:
- mechanism: Like other mu-agonist opioids it is believed to act at receptors in the periventricular and periaqueductal gray matter in both the brain and spinal cord to alter the transmission and perception of pain.
- toxicity: LD<sub>50</sub>=150 mg/kg (orally in rats). Signs of overdose include nausea, emesis, dizziness, respiratory depression, hypotension, urinary retention, cardiac arrhythmias, allergic reactions, skin rash, and uticaria.
- absorprion: Levorphanol is well absorbed after PO administration with peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 1 hour after dosing.
- halflife: 11-16 hours
- roouteelimination:
- volumedistribution: * 10 to 13 L/kg
- clearance: * 0.78 to 1.1 L/kg/hr