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Verapamil
- indication:For the treatment of hypertension, angina, and cluster headache prophylaxis.
- pharmacologypharmacology:
- mechanism: Verapamil inhibits voltage-dependent calcium channels. Specifically, its effect on L-type calcium channels in the heart causes a reduction in ionotropy and chronotropy, thuis reducing heart rate and blood pressure. Verapamil's mechanism of effect in cluster headache is thought to be linked to its calcium-channel blocker effect, but which channel subtypes are involved is presently not known.
- toxicity: LD<sub>50</sub>=8 mg/kg (i.v. in mice)
- absorprion: 90%
- halflife: 2.8-7.4 hours
- roouteelimination: Approximately 70% of an administered dose is excreted as metabolites in the urine and 16% or more in the feces within 5 days. About 3% to 4% is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug.
- volumedistribution:
- clearance: