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Stavudine
- indication:For the treatment of human immunovirus (HIV) infections.
- pharmacologypharmacology:
- mechanism: Stavudine inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) both by competing with the natural substrate dGTP and by its incorporation into viral DNA.
- toxicity: Side effects include peripheral neuropathy tingling, burning, numbness, or pain in the hands or feet), fatal lactic acidosis has been reported in patients treated with stavudine (ZERIT) in combination with other antiretroviral agents, severe liver enlargement, inflammation (pain and swelling) of the liver, and liver failure.
- absorprion: Following oral administration, stavudine is rapidly absorbed (bioavailability is 68-104%).
- halflife: 0.8-1.5 hours (in adults)
- roouteelimination:
- volumedistribution: * 46 ± 21 L
- clearance: * Renal cl=272 mL/min [Healthy subjects receiving 80 mg PO] * 594 +/- 164 mL/min [HIV-infected adult and pediatric patients following 1-hour IV infusion] * 9.75 +/- 3.76 mL/min/kg [HIV- Exposed or -Infected Pediatric Patients(Age 5 weeks – 15 years) following 1-hour IV infusion]