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Ciprofloxacin
- indication:For the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible organisms: urinary tract infections, acute uncomplicated cystitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, lower respiratory tract infections, acute sinusitis, skin and skin structure infections, bone and joint infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections (used in combination with metronidazole), infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever (enteric fever), uncomplicated cervical and urethral gonorrhea, and inhalational anthrax (post-exposure).
- pharmacologypharmacology:
- mechanism: The bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, strand supercoiling repair, and recombination.
- toxicity: The major adverse effect seen with use of is gastrointestinal irritation, common with many antibiotics.
- absorprion: Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability is approximately 70% with no substantial loss by first pass metabolism.
- halflife: 4 hours
- roouteelimination: Approximately 40 to 50% of an orally administered dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug.
- volumedistribution:
- clearance: * Renal cl=300 mL/min