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Ranolazine
- indication:For the treatment of chronic angina. It should be used in combination with amlodipine, beta-blockers or nitrates.
- pharmacologypharmacology:
- mechanism: The mechanism of action of ranolazine is unknown. It does not increase the rate-pressure product, a measure of myocardial work, at maximal exercise. In vitro studies suggest that ranolazine is a P-gp inhibitor. Ranolazine is believed to have its effects via altering the trans-cellular late sodium current. It is by altering the intracellular sodium level that ranolazine affects the sodium-dependent calcium channels during myocardial ischemia. Thus, ranolazine indirectly prevents the calcium overload that causes cardiac ischemia.
- toxicity: In the event of overdose, the expected symptoms would be dizziness, nausea/vomiting, diplopia, paresthesia, and confusion. Syncope with prolonged loss of consciousness may develop.
- absorprion: Absorption is highly variable. After oral administration of ranolazine as a solution, 73% of the dose is systemically available as ranolazine or metabolites. The bioavailability of oral ranolazine relative to that from a solution is 76%.
- halflife: 7 hours
- roouteelimination: Ranolazine is metabolized rapidly and extensively in the liver and intestine; less than 5% is excreted unchanged in urine and feces.
- volumedistribution:
- clearance: