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Oseltamivir
- indication:Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is for the treatment of uncomplicated acute illness due to influenza infection in patients 1 year and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days. It is also used for the prophylaxis of influenza in adult patients and adolescents 13 years and older.
- pharmacologypharmacology:
- mechanism: Oseltamivir is an ethyl ester prodrug requiring ester hydrolysis for conversion to the active form, oseltamivir carboxylate. The proposed mechanism of action of oseltamivir is inhibition of influenza virus neuraminidase with the possibility of alteration of virus particle aggregation and release.
- toxicity: At present, there has been no experience with overdose. Single doses of up to 1000 mg of oseltamivir have been associated with nausea and/or vomiting. Mean LD (intravenous, mouse) = 100 mg/kg.
- absorprion: Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration with a bioavailability of 75%.
- halflife: 1 to 3 hours in most subjects after oral administration.
- roouteelimination: Absorbed oseltamivir is primarily (>90%) eliminated by conversion to oseltamivir carboxylate. Oseltamivir carboxylate is not further metabolized and is eliminated in the urine. Oseltamivir carboxylate is eliminated entirely (>99%) by renal excretion.
- volumedistribution: * 23 to 26 L
- clearance: