| Ημερομηνία | barcode | code | περιεχομενο | τιμή παραγωγός | χονδρική | λιανική |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 05/2018 | 2802852201011 | 285220101 | METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE/ROSEMONT ORAL.SOL 500MG/5ML BT x 150 ML/BOTTLE | 2.14 | 2.24 | 03.08 |
For use as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adult patients (18 years and older) with type 2 diabetes.
Metformin's pharmacologic mechanisms of action are different from other classes of oral antihyperglycemic agents. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. These effects are mediated by the initial activation by Metformin of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a liver enzyme that plays an important role in insulin signaling, whole body energy balance, and the metabolism of glucose and fats. Activation of AMPK is required for metformin's inhibitory effect on the production of glucose by liver cells. Increased peripheral utilization of glucose may be due to improved insulin binding to insulin receptors. AMPK probably also plays a role, as metformin administration increases AMPK activity in skeletal muscle. AMPK is known to cause GLUT4 deployment to the plasma membrane, resulting in insulin-independent glucose uptake.
Acute oral toxicity (LD<sub>50</sub>): 350 mg/kg [Rabbit]. It would be expected that adverse reactions of a more intense character including epigastric discomfort, nausea, and vomiting followed by diarrhea, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, malaise and headache might be seen.
Absorbed over 6 hours, bioavailability is 50 to 60% under fasting conditions. Food delays absorption.
6.2 hours
Intravenous single-dose studies in normal subjects demonstrate that metformin is excreted unchanged in the urine and does not undergo hepatic metabolism (no metabolites have been identified in humans) nor biliary excretion.